Pricing and coordination of competitive recycling and remanufacturing supply chain considering the quality of recycled products

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Considering the quality of recycled products, we develop a game model multi-level competitive recycling and remanufacturing supply chain with two manufacturers multiple recyclers. Being focus on mainstream models, namely manufacturer-recycler cooperation manufacturer-led Stackelberg model, explore connection between optimal pricing decisions performance levels members. Although researches indicate that products will not affect in forward chain, it is positively related to price, repurchase overall profit reverse intensity competition among or models. In does reach Pareto optimum, which uses cost sharing contract achieve coordination. Afterwards, profits recyclers are increased, system higher than model. Finally, numerical analysis conducted verify proposed coordination mechanism its effectiveness.</p>